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EU Residencey

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EU Residencey


The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political union between 27 European countries.

The predecessor of the EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World War. The first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea being that countries that trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict. The result was the European Economic Community, created in 1958 with the initial aim of increasing economic cooperation between six countries: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Since then, 22 more countries joined (and the United Kingdom left the EU in 2020) and a huge single market (also known as the ‘internal’ market) has been created and continues to develop towards its full potential.

What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an organisation spanning many different policy areas, from climate, environment and health to external relations and security, justice and migration. A name change from the European Economic Community to the European Union in 1993 reflected this.

The EU has delivered more than half a century of peace, stability and prosperity, helped raise living standards and launched a single European currency: the euro. More than 340 million EU citizens in 19 countries now use it as their currency and enjoy its benefits.

Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU countries, people can travel freely throughout most of the continent. And it has become much easier to live and work in another country in Europe. All EU citizens have the right and freedom to choose in which EU country they want to study, work or retire. Every EU country must treat EU citizens in exactly the same way as its own citizens when it comes to matters of employment, social security and tax.


Member States of the European Union in 2020

Several institutions are involved in making decisions at EU level, in particular:

  • the European Parliament, which represents the EU’s citizens and is directly elected by them;
  • the European Council, which consists of the Heads of State or Government of the EU Member States;
  • The Council, (also called the Council of the European Union) which represents the governments of the EU Member States; and
  • the European Commission, which represents the interests of the EU as a whole.





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EU Members:


1. Austria 
  • Capital: Vienna
  • Official EU language(s): German
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1995
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 1 December 1997

2. Belgium

  • Capital: Brussels
  • Official EU language(s): Dutch, French and German
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1958
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999.
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
3. Bulgaria
  • Capital: Sofia
  • Official EU language(s): Bulgarian
  • EU member country: since 1 January 2007
  • Currency: Bulgarian lev BGN. Bulgaria has committed to adopt the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions.
  • Schengen: Bulgaria is currently in the process of joining the Schengen area
4. Croatia

 

  • Capital: Zagreb
  • Official EU language(s): Croatian
  • EU member country: since 1 July 2013
  • Currency: Croatian Kuna HRK. Croatia has committed to adopt the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions.
  • Schengen: No, Croatia is not a member of the Schengen area
5. Cyprus
  • Capital: Nicosia
  • Official EU language(s): Greek
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2008
  • Schengen: Cyprus is currently in the process of joining the Schengen area
6. Czechia
  • Capital: Prague
  • Official EU language(s): Czech
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: Czech koruna (CZK). Czechia is currently preparing to adopt the euro.
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
7. Denmark
  • Capital: Copenhagen
  • Official EU language(s): Danish
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1973
  • Currency: Danish krone DKK. Denmark has negotiated an opt-out from the euro and thus is not obliged to introduce it.
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 25 March 2001
8. Estonia
  • Capital: Tallinn
  • Official EU language(s): Estonian
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2011
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
9. Finland
  • Capital: Helsinki
  • Official EU language(s): Finnish, Swedish
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1995
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 25 March 2001
10. France
  • Capital: Paris
  • Official EU language(s): French
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1958
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
11. Germany
  • Official EU language(s): German
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1958
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
12. Greece
  • Capital: Athens
  • Official EU language(s): Greek
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1981
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2001
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 1 January 2000
13. Hungary
  • Capital: Budapest
  • Official EU language(s): Hungarian
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: Hungarian Forint HUF. Hungary is currently preparing to adopt the euro.
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
14. Ireland
  • Capital: Dublin
  • Official EU language(s): Irish, English
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1973
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Ireland has negotiated an opt-out from Schengen area.
15. Italy
  • Capital: Rome
  • Official EU language(s): Italian
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1958
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 October 1997
16. Latvia
  • Capital: Riga
  • Official EU language(s): Latvian
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2014
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
17. Lithuania
  • Capital: Vilnius
  • Official EU language(s): Lithuanian
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2015
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
18. Luxembourg
  • Capital: Luxembourg
  • Official EU language(s): French, German
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1958
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
19. Malta
  • Capital: Valletta
  • Official EU language(s): Maltese, English
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2008
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
20. Netherlands
  • Capital: Amsterdam
  • Official EU language(s): Dutch
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1958
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
21. Poland
  • Capital: Warsaw
  • Official EU language(s): Polish
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: Polish Złoty PLN. Poland is currently preparing to adopt the euro.
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
  • Capital: Lisbon
  • Official EU language(s): Portuguese
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1986
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
23. Romania
  • Capital: Bucharest
  • Official EU language(s): Romanian
  • EU member country: since 1 January 2007
  • Currency: Romanian Leu RON. Romania has committed the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions.
  • Schengen: Romania is currently in the process of joining the Schengen area.
  • Capital: Bratislava
  • Official EU language(s): Slovak
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2009
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
25. Slovenia
  • Capital: Ljubljana
  • Official EU language(s): Slovenian
  • EU member country: since 1 May 2004
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 2007
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007
26. Spain
  • Capital: Madrid
  • Official EU language(s): Spanish
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1986
  • Currency: euro. Euro area member since 1 January 1999
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995
27 . Sweden
  • Capital: Stockholm
  • Official EU language(s): Swedish
  • EU member country: since 1 January 1995
  • Currency: Swedish krona SEK. Sweden has committed the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions.
  • Schengen: Schengen area member since 25 March 2001

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